Gibbon's Trans-Disciplinary Solutions

As Gibbons states, today's problems are not set within a disciplinary framework. Their solutions must therefore be trans-disciplinary rather than mono or multi-disciplinary. Solutions must be carried out in non-hierarchical, heterogeneously organized forms which are essentially transient (Gibbons et. al. 1994; Usher 2002). It seems that in the post-modernistic era we are now deep in the phase of crisis, manifested as a loss of trust in the academic establishment and decreased confidence in scientific credibility (Mills 2000; Ioannidis 2005; Brunk 2006).